Neutrophils test (ANC) Biomarker Testing
It measures your infection-fighting white blood cells and flags inflammation or immune suppression, with easy ordering and Quest-based lab access via Vitals Vault.
With Vitals Vault, you have access to a comprehensive range of biomarker tests.
Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, and they act as your body’s first responders against many bacterial infections. Your neutrophil result is usually reported as part of a complete blood count (CBC) with differential, and it can change quickly when your immune system is stressed.
A single neutrophil value rarely tells the whole story. The most useful interpretation comes from pairing it with your total white blood cell count, the rest of the differential (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils), and your symptoms.
If your result is out of range, it does not automatically mean you have an infection or an immune disorder. Testing is most helpful when it supports clinician-directed care and follow-up, especially if you need repeat labs to confirm a pattern.
Do I need a Neutrophils test?
You might consider checking neutrophils if you have frequent or severe infections, fevers without a clear cause, mouth sores, or you are recovering from an illness and want to confirm your immune system is back on track. Neutrophils can also help explain why you feel unusually run down when other basic labs look normal.
This test is commonly ordered if you are starting, taking, or recently finished medications that can affect bone marrow or immune function. Examples include certain chemotherapy drugs, some immunosuppressants, and a few antibiotics or antithyroid medicines that can rarely lower neutrophils.
Your clinician may also use neutrophils to evaluate inflammation or physiologic stress. Neutrophils often rise with acute infections, recent surgery, trauma, smoking, or steroid use, so a “high” result can be a clue rather than a diagnosis.
If your neutrophils are low or high, repeating the test at the right time (often after you recover from an acute illness or after a medication change) can be more informative than reacting to a single snapshot.
Neutrophils are measured from a blood sample in a CLIA-certified laboratory and are interpreted in clinical context; results alone do not diagnose a specific condition.
Lab testing
Order a CBC with differential to check neutrophils and related blood counts.
About 1 week
Schedule online — results typically within a week
Clear next steps
Guidance included, with follow-up care available
HSA / FSA
Eligible for pre-tax health spending accounts
Get this test with Vitals Vault
You can order neutrophils as part of a CBC with differential through Vitals Vault and complete your blood draw at a participating lab location. Because neutrophils shift with infections, stress, and medications, having a clear baseline and an easy way to retest can make your results more actionable.
After your results post, PocketMD can help you review what “high” or “low” commonly means, what follow-up questions to bring to your clinician, and which companion labs often clarify the picture (for example, a repeat CBC, inflammatory markers, or iron and B12 testing when anemia is also present).
If you are monitoring a known issue—such as medication effects, recurrent infections, or chronic inflammation—Vitals Vault makes it straightforward to trend your CBC over time so you and your clinician can focus on changes that persist rather than one-off fluctuations.
- Order online and complete your draw at a participating lab location
- Clear, patient-friendly results view with trend tracking over time
- PocketMD support to prepare for a clinician conversation and next steps
Key benefits of Neutrophils testing
- Helps assess your frontline immune response when you have fever, recurrent infections, or slow recovery.
- Flags neutropenia (low neutrophils), which can increase infection risk and may require prompt follow-up.
- Supports evaluation of inflammation and physiologic stress when neutrophils are persistently elevated.
- Provides context for medication safety monitoring when drugs can affect bone marrow or white cells.
- Improves interpretation of total white blood cell count by showing which cell type is driving changes.
- Guides smarter retesting by separating short-term illness effects from ongoing patterns.
- Pairs well with PocketMD guidance so you know what to ask next and which related labs often matter.
What is Neutrophils?
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that rapidly responds to infection and tissue injury. They circulate in your bloodstream and can move into tissues when your immune system detects a threat.
On most lab reports you will see neutrophils reported as a percentage of white blood cells and/or as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC). The ANC is often the most clinically useful number because it reflects how many neutrophils are actually available to fight infection, regardless of what the other white blood cells are doing.
Neutrophil levels can change within hours. That is why your recent health history—such as a cold, a stomach bug, a hard workout, a new medication, or a steroid injection—matters when you interpret your result.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) vs percent neutrophils
Percent neutrophils tells you the proportion of neutrophils among all white blood cells. The ANC combines that percentage with your total white blood cell count to estimate the number of neutrophils per volume of blood. If your total white count is low, your percent neutrophils can look “normal” while your ANC is still low.
Where neutrophils come from
Neutrophils are produced in your bone marrow and released into the bloodstream as they mature. Conditions that suppress bone marrow production, increase destruction, or shift neutrophils out of circulation can lower your measured count.
Why neutrophils rise
Neutrophils commonly rise with acute bacterial infections, inflammation, physical stress, smoking, and corticosteroid exposure. A rise can be appropriate and temporary, but persistent elevation can signal an ongoing inflammatory driver that needs evaluation.
What do my Neutrophils results mean?
Low neutrophils (neutropenia)
Low neutrophils can mean you have fewer infection-fighting cells available, especially if the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is low. Temporary neutropenia can happen after viral illnesses, with certain medications, or from short-term bone marrow suppression. If your neutrophils are very low or you have fever, chills, or mouth sores, you should seek urgent medical guidance because infection risk can rise as counts fall. Your clinician may repeat the CBC, review medications, and consider causes such as nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune conditions, or bone marrow disorders depending on the pattern.
In-range neutrophils
An in-range neutrophil result usually suggests your bone marrow production and immune cell distribution are functioning as expected at the time of the draw. It does not rule out infection or inflammation, because some infections are viral (often affecting lymphocytes more) and some inflammatory conditions fluctuate. If you have symptoms but a normal neutrophil count, the rest of your CBC differential and clinical context often provide the next clues.
High neutrophils (neutrophilia)
High neutrophils are commonly seen with acute infection, inflammation, recent surgery or injury, smoking, or physiologic stress. Corticosteroids can also raise measured neutrophils by shifting them into circulation, so timing around steroid pills, injections, or inhaled steroids matters. If neutrophils stay high across repeat tests, your clinician may look for ongoing inflammatory drivers, chronic infection, medication effects, or (less commonly) bone marrow conditions. The trend over time and the presence of other CBC changes—like anemia or high platelets—helps narrow the interpretation.
Factors that influence neutrophils
Recent illness is one of the biggest confounders: neutrophils may rise early in infection and can remain elevated during recovery. Medications can shift counts up (steroids, lithium) or down (some chemotherapy agents, antithyroid drugs, certain antibiotics), so your medication list should be reviewed alongside the result. Smoking, intense exercise, poor sleep, and acute stress can temporarily increase neutrophils. Hydration status and lab-to-lab reference ranges can also affect how your value is flagged, so comparing results from the same lab method and looking at the ANC can reduce confusion.
What’s included
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between neutrophils and ANC?
“Neutrophils” may be shown as a percentage on your CBC differential, while ANC (absolute neutrophil count) estimates the actual number of neutrophils in your blood. ANC is often more clinically useful because it accounts for your total white blood cell count. If your WBC is low, your neutrophil percentage can look fine even when ANC is low.
What is a normal neutrophil range?
Normal ranges vary by lab and by whether you are looking at percent neutrophils or ANC. Your report’s reference interval is the best starting point. If you are comparing results over time, focus on trends and use the same lab when possible, since reference ranges and calculation methods can differ.
Do I need to fast for a neutrophils test?
Fasting is not usually required for a CBC with differential. However, if your blood draw includes other tests (such as lipids or glucose), fasting instructions may apply to the overall order. If you are unsure, follow the instructions provided with your lab order.
Can stress or exercise raise neutrophils?
Yes. Acute stress, intense exercise, poor sleep, and smoking can temporarily increase neutrophils. Steroid medications can also raise measured neutrophils by shifting them into circulation. If your result is mildly high and you recently had one of these exposures, a repeat test after things normalize can be helpful.
What causes low neutrophils?
Low neutrophils can occur after viral infections, from medication effects, or from reduced bone marrow production. Nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency), autoimmune conditions, and bone marrow disorders are other possibilities depending on the severity and whether the low count persists. Your clinician may repeat the CBC and review your medications and symptoms to decide on next steps.
How soon should I retest neutrophils if my result is abnormal?
Retesting depends on how abnormal the result is and whether you have symptoms. If neutrophils are very low or you have fever or signs of infection, you may need urgent evaluation rather than routine retesting. For mild abnormalities during or right after an illness, clinicians often repeat a CBC in days to weeks to confirm whether the change was temporary.
Are high neutrophils always a bacterial infection?
No. High neutrophils can be seen with bacterial infection, but also with inflammation, recent surgery or injury, smoking, corticosteroid use, and other physiologic stressors. The rest of your CBC (including total WBC and other differential cells) and your symptoms help clarify the most likely cause.