Organ Health & Detoxification

Albumin reflects liver synthetic capacity and nutritional status. Optimal levels ensure proper fluid balance, nutrient transport, and indicate excellent liver function.

Urine albumin detects early kidney damage and cardiovascular risk, allowing for preventive interventions.

ALP reflects bile duct health and bone metabolism. Optimal levels suggest proper bile flow, healthy liver function, and balanced bone turnover.

ALT serves as a sensitive indicator of liver cell health and integrity. Optimal levels suggest excellent liver function and effective cellular metabolism and detoxification.

Amorphous sediment indicates early crystal formation and stone risk when present in large amounts.

AST reflects cellular health across multiple organ systems, particularly liver and muscle. Optimal levels indicate excellent cellular integrity and metabolic function.

BUN reflects kidney filtration capacity and protein metabolism. Optimal levels indicate healthy kidney function and appropriate protein processing by the liver.

BUN/creatinine ratio differentiates causes of kidney dysfunction and assesses hydration status and protein metabolism.

Calcium oxalate crystals indicate the most common kidney stone risk, requiring specific dietary interventions.

CO2 levels reflect acid-base balance and respiratory function, essential for cellular metabolism and pH homeostasis.

Urinary casts indicate kidney pathology, with type and quantity guiding diagnosis and treatment.

Chloride maintains fluid balance and enables stomach acid production, essential for digestion and acid-base homeostasis.

Comments provide clinical interpretation and additional observations for comprehensive urinalysis assessment.

Creatinine measures kidney filtration capacity and muscle metabolism, serving as the primary indicator of kidney health and detoxification.

Creatinine serves as the primary marker of kidney filtration capacity. Optimal levels indicate excellent kidney function and appropriate muscle metabolism.

Urine crystals indicate kidney stone risk and metabolic imbalances requiring targeted prevention strategies.

eGFR measures kidney filtration capacity, essential for toxin elimination, blood pressure control, and healthy aging.

GGT measures liver detoxification capacity and is highly sensitive to toxic exposures, alcohol, and oxidative stress.

Globulins reflect immune function and liver health, including antibody production and inflammatory response.

Granular casts indicate kidney damage or disease, requiring nephrology evaluation and treatment.

Hyaline casts indicate mild kidney stress when elevated but are often normal findings.

RBC magnesium provides accurate assessment of intracellular magnesium status, crucial for energy production, cardiovascular health, and optimal enzymatic function.

Occult blood detects microscopic bleeding in the urinary tract, requiring investigation for underlying causes.

Potassium is essential for heart function, muscle contraction, and blood pressure regulation, with deficiency being extremely common.

Renal epithelial cells indicate kidney damage or disease, requiring nephrology evaluation.

Sodium regulates fluid balance, nerve function, and blood pressure, serving as a key indicator of hydration and electrolyte status.

Specific gravity measures kidney concentrating ability and hydration status for optimal fluid balance assessment.

Squamous epithelial cells indicate specimen contamination and collection quality rather than disease.

Bilirubin reflects liver processing capacity and red blood cell turnover. Optimal levels indicate healthy liver function and may provide antioxidant protection.

Transitional epithelial cells indicate bladder or ureter irritation, requiring urological assessment if elevated.

Triple phosphate crystals indicate alkaline urine and potential infection, requiring acidification and treatment.

Uric acid reflects purine metabolism and kidney function. Optimal levels prevent gout, kidney stones, and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

Urine appearance indicates kidney filtration quality and presence of infections or crystals.

Urine color indicates hydration status and can reveal kidney, liver, or metabolic issues requiring attention.